詹妮弗·k·森田著

2024年8月5日

50多年前，她们离开老挝山区的村庄，在一场秘密战争中接受护士培训，永远打破了苗族妇女的界限。

上周末，在博彩平台（萨克拉门托 State）举行的一次会议上，新一代苗族护士为年轻学生提供指导，努力使护理专业多样化，并改善美国苗族社区的医疗保健服务，对这些先驱进行了表彰。

Almost 200 nurses from around the country attended the second 苗族护士协会 (HNA) Conference at 萨克拉门托 State Aug. 3-4, marking 50 years of Hmongs in the U.S.

海航还在周六举行了一场免费招待会，以纪念在老挝秘密战争期间接受培训照顾伤员的首批苗族护士。

“You hear a lot about the men in the secret guerilla units, but you don’t hear about the Hmong nurses,” HNA National President May Y. Hang said. “Even though they were very small in number, they had a really big impact on changing the role of Hmong women and contributing to the ‘secret war.’

“... 这是我们的起源故事。 This is how we went from mothers and daughters, diligently working in the fields, to being nurses.”

该协会成立于2012年，旨在解决苗族社区在医疗保健方面面临的问题和挑战，包括护理专业代表性不足、患者隔离、违反文化习俗和价值观，以及悲伤和失去亲人带来的精神困扰。

This year’s conference, hosted by 囊状态’s Project HMONG, included:

• 继续教育课程的学分
• 关于苗族糖尿病和控制痛风的研讨会
• 介绍传统的苗族治疗方法和萨满精神治疗师培训项目
• 患者倡导与提高心理健康素养的探讨

会议还设有小组讨论，包括秘密战争护士Chee Xiong Ngiateng和萨克拉门托州立护理学院教授Dian Baker，他研究了苗族护士的先驱。 

20世纪60年代，中情局招募了苗族和老挝人参加一场对抗北越的秘密战争。 杭说，美国政府还希望女性接受护士培训。

“It was the first time women diverged from their traditional role as Hmong women and caregivers working in the home,” Hang said. “These women left their villages and their families, many against their parents’ and clan’s approval, to learn how to be nurses and tend the wounded.

“... 我们想讲述他们的故事，因为没有多少人知道。 他们是开拓者。 We are here because they broke through first and helped the community be more accepting of women working outside the home.”

共产党掌权后，成千上万的难民逃离老挝以逃避迫害，最终在美国定居

Today, there are more than 327,000 Hmong living in the United States, according to the 皮尤研究中心. 萨克拉门托是苗族人口第三多的城市，有2.7万人，仅次于明尼阿波利斯-圣。 Paul area’s 81,000 and 35,000 in Fresno.

博彩平台负责教育公平项目和学生成功的助理副校长Chao Vang表示，该校大约有1000名苗族学生。

“囊状态’s Hmong population is just behind Fresno State’s,” Vang said. “So it’s only fitting for us to serve as host campus. At the end of the day, we want our students to enjoy and benefit from this conference, and hopefully it will serve as inspiration for another state or campus to host HNA.”

除了庆祝苗族护理先锋，海航也在展望未来，杭说。

“We’re not just here to support current nurses of Hmong heritage. We also want to grow and expand the diversity of the nursing profession,” she said.

海航将参加会议的护士与20名对护理感兴趣的当地青年配对，他们的年龄在9至18岁之间。 On Sunday afternoon in the 护理学院 simulation lab, mentors and faculty demonstrated how to take vital signs such as blood pressure, respiration and heart rate.

“Nursing is hard work, but it’s fun,” Nursing Chair Tanya Altmann told the students. “You touch more lives being a nurse than any other career.

“There’s nothing more rewarding than making a difference in someone’s life, even if it’s just holding their hand as they pass away and die with dignity.”

福尔瑟姆大厅最先进的实验室就像医院病房一样，有轮床和设备，可以在紧急情况下启动，用于真正的病人。

学生们获得了听诊器，可以在计算机化的人体模型上听肺部、心脏和肠道的声音，这些模型被预先编程为表现出各种症状。

Athena Thao, 17, pressed her stethoscope head to the dummy’s chest, eyes widening when she heard a telltale “crackle.”

“It’s bad if you hear crackling sounds at the end of the mannequin’s breath,” she said. “It sounds like he’s having trouble breathing.”

在看到她的家人为祖父的医疗保健系统苦苦挣扎后，邵决定在医疗领域从事职业。

“My grandpa was way too sick, and there was a language barrier. My older sisters had to translate, but there are no Hmong words for some English terms,” Thao said. “The nurses weren’t really taking care of him.

“I want to be the nurse that stands up for my patients and helps my patients as much as I can.”

虽然导师计划是专门针对苗族青年的，但没有人被拒之门外。

“Three Afghan kids were really interested in health care,” Hang said. “We’re all refugees. That’s how we ended up here in the U.S., so since we were doing the presentation in English, we took everybody.”

杭说，会议上的课程也向任何寻求继续教育单位以维持其执照的护士开放。

“Our goal is for them to come and learn about the Hmong patients they’re caring for,” she said.

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